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| by @qxchxn (SORRY FOR THE SPELLING ERROR, should be NURTURE instead of NUTURE. LOL) |
The Father of Modern Psychology
Wilhelm Maximillian Wundt (16 August 1832-31 August
1920) is a man who is often regarded as the father of psychology. He founded
modern experimental psychology. An institute for experimental psychology had
been opened at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879. This event is
usually recognized as the official start of psychology as a separate and
distinct science.
Wundt gave
the great contribution when he separated the psychology from philosophy by
analysing the mental processes in a more structured way. The study of
psychology emphasizes being on objective measurement and control. This
laboratory became a focus for those interested in psychology field. After that,
all psychological laboratories have very similar characteristics with Wundt's
model in their early years.
Wundt's Contribution to Psychology
Wundt’s greatest contribution to psychology must be
his push to see the field recognized as a different discipline.
Psychology was a discipline that was typically incorporated into medicine
or the life sciences, before Wundt started to work. Wundt founded the first
psychology experimental laboratory at the University of Leipzig, marking the
study of psychology as a separate discipline. He emphasized psychology as a
scientific study which relies on empirical evidence as a way of knowing how
people think, feel, and behave. He often setting up detailed, unique
experiments to test psychological theories.
Wundt made an argument about a primary goal of
psychology ought to be to understand and analyse consciousness. His
experimental psychology laboratory was opened to study spiritual theories,
check out varying abnormal behaviours, identify and isolate mental disorders.
Wundt’s laboratory became a model for other psychology laboratories around the
world in paving the way for the acceptance of psychology as a different field
of science. Eventually, there are hundreds of similar laboratories were created
by 1900.
Wundt taught more than hundred graduate students in
psychology. Some of them became well-known psychologists, including Edward B.
Titchener, Ottmar Dittrich, James McKeen Catell, G. Stanley Hall, Walter Dill
Scott, and Charles Spearman. After he died, many of Wundt's students started
referring to his way to the field as holistic psychology because of Wundt's
focus on development of novel experiments and trying several different
approaches to get to the bottom of any single psychological puzzle. In
acknowledgement of the contributions made to the emerging field of psychology
by Wundt and William James, the founder of American psychology, the
American Psychological Association created the “Wilhelm Wundt-William James
Award” for Exceptional Contributions to Trans-Atlantic Psychology.”
- by Zhi Zhong
Father of
Psychoanalysis- Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856-
23 September 1939) who called as Father of Psychoanalysis, he was an Austrian
Neurologist and the founder of Psychoanalysis. By Psychoanalysis, he has
created new approach to the understanding of human personality. He was a
psychologist, medical doctor, clinical psychopathology and influential thinker
in 20th century.
Sigmund
Freud has contributed his idea, psychoanalysis theory in
psychology field in 20th century and it still be used in clinical practices
until today. Psychoanalysis is commonly used to treat the anxiety and
depression (mental illness) patients, they need a listener to hear their
feeling. Patients are allow to talk freely when having treatment in the relax
situation. Psychological problems are usually rooted through unconscious mind.
They psychological problems symptoms were caused by hidden anxiety and
disturbance and unresolved issues were caused by while development repressed
their anxiety and disturbance. The psychoanalysis treatment are focusing on
bringing the repressed feeling into conscious.
The
one of the theory important in psychoanalysis is unconscious mind. He uses the
iceberg to describe three levels of mind whichare conscious mind, preconscious mind
and unconscious mind. The composition of iceberg same as subconscious, the
part exposed on water only a small part of iceberg (conscious), the majority
part of iceberg that hidden under the water will brought impact for peoples
(unconscious). Freud thinks that the subconscious is active and that it exerts
pressure and influence on human character and behavior. Freud believes that the
patients can revealed themselves by the dream and speak (unconscious mind) and
easily to get treatment in mental illness.
Unconscious
mind
Conscious mind- Conscious is
an incomplete and blur concept. When peoples think or feel are also peoples’ conscious
but it cannot described by language. Generally, peoples think conscious is the
ability for peoples to understand environment, self and clarify of
cognition. Sometimes, “awareness” has become a synonym of conscious.
Preconscious mind-
Preconscious is an intermediary between conscious and unconscious. People can
recalled it from their memory or experiences.
Unconscious mind-
Unconsciousness refers to those things that cannot become aware at all, such as
the desire to be depressed, biological instinct and feeling.
- by Xin Wei
Abraham Harold Maslow
Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist who was best known for
creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A motivational theory in psychology
comprising a five tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical
levels within a pyramid.
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| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
The original hierarchy of needs five-stage includes:
1. Biological and Physiological needs -
air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep.
2. Safety needs - protection from
elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.
3. Love and belongingness needs -
friendship, intimacy, trust and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and
love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).
4. Esteem needs - achievement, mastery,
independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, respect from others.
5. Self-Actualization needs - realizing
personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak
experiences.
-by
Ling Kok
